Lithium manganese oxide, has the chemical symbols LiMn2O4 and the abbreviation LMO. The battery consists of a manganese oxide cathode and a graphite carbon anode. The cathode crystalline formation of lithium manganese oxide has a three-dimensional framework structure that appears after initial formation.

The architecture forms a three-dimensional spinel structure that improves ion flow on the electrode, which results in lower internal resistance and improved current handling. Spinel provides low resistance but has a more moderate specific energy than cobalt.  A further advantage of spinel is high thermal stability and enhanced safety, but the cycle and calendar life are limited.

Low internal cell resistance enables fast charging and high-current discharging. In an 18650 package, Li-manganese can be discharged at currents of 20–30A with moderate heat buildup. It is also possible to apply one-second load pulses of up to 50A. A continuous high load at this current would cause heat buildup and the cell temperature cannot exceed 80°C (176°F). Li-manganese is used for power tools, medical instruments, as well as hybrid and electric vehicles.

Summary Table